Introduction: the year of refugees

Immigration has been a focal point for Europe’s public attention and its political arena for some years now. But never with such intensity as in 2015 and 2016. Forced immigration has been particularly central over these two years, as personified by the more than a million refugees who have travelled to Europe – principally across the Mediterranean – from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia and other countries facing tragic circumstances. This has given rise to the misnamed, double-edged “refugee crisis”, an enormous humanitarian catastrophe and extremely serious crisis for Europe.

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